Literature The Portuguese colonial power’s attempt to eradicate the indigenous cultural traditions became unsuccessful, and many who had been assimilationists returned to their African culture and found literary expression for it. The newspaper O Brado Africano founded by black journalists in 1918 (‘The African Protest Troop’) meant a great deal to national identity, as did… Read More »
Arts and crafts Like in i.a. Liberia and the Ivory Coast play an important role in the secret societies in society, and much of the traditional arts and crafts are linked to them. Particularly well known is the female company sandes black colored helmet mask in wood. But even the male company poros many different… Read More »
Literature From Senegal come some of the most important authors of French-language African literature, most notably the country’s president in 1960–80, the poet Léopold Sédar Senghor, who launched the significant nitrite movement. Also mentioned is Birago Diop, perhaps best known as translator of traditional oral literature, as well as Ousmane Socé and Abdoulaye Sadji, who… Read More »
Music Traditional music has remained largely unchanged. At the center of the music are ritual dances that include. depicts historical and mythical episodes; the most famous dance is ikinimba. The most important instruments include ingoma drums of various sizes, the large trough citra inanga, the musical bow (umuduri), the one-stringed string instrument inigiri, tumpiano (ikembe)… Read More »
Literature Nigeria’s literature is one of the most flourishing in Africa. In different languages the oral tradition still lives, especially in poetry, song and fable. In the 19th century, literature began to be written down, first in Arabic and Hausa. The first author in Yoruba was DO Fagunwa. In a strong African-colored English, Amos Tutuola… Read More »
Literature In the Ndebele and Shona languages there are various forms of oral literature. Christian missionaries helped develop a writing language. The first novel on the shona is Solomon Mutswairo’s “Feso” (1956). Literature in English first paid tribute to European imperialism, but soon there was a backlash that revealed the colonization as a danger to… Read More »
Literature, drama and theater Due to the many local languages and their varying mixtures with English, Zambia has hardly any fiction. The course uses standard English, which is also the language of Dominic Mulaisho’s novels. Stephen Andrea Mpashi is the most famous author who has written in the language bemba. In addition to these can… Read More »
Literature The English-language literature gained its center in the Makerere University through, among other things, Penpoint magazine, founded in 1958, and an important author’s conference in 1962. Several types of literature can be distinguished. Okot p’Bitek’s and his followers’ poems contradict the traditional but especially in the north threatened society, while Barbara Kimenye talks about… Read More »
Literature Francophone In Tunisia, Arabic-language literature flourished both before and after the country’s independence in 1956, while French-language literature had long held an obscure place. Until the 1970’s, Albert Memmi was the only major author in French. But interest in French literature began to grow among the young population as early as the late 1960’s,… Read More »
Literature Togo was officially French-speaking at the independence of 1960 and the French had been a school language since the 1920’s. The native languages were therefore difficult to assert as literary languages. From the beginning of the 1940’s, however, novels and plays were written on ewe. by Sam Obianim, Kwasi Fiawoo and Y. Seth Akafia.… Read More »