The Ottoman conquest was undoubtedly harmful to Egypt; but perhaps its deleterious effects have been exaggerated. In reality, the decline had already begun earlier; and if the interruption of commercial relations with the northern Mediterranean was a serious blow to the prosperity of Egypt, it should be remembered that it coincides with the general phenomenon… Read More »
Moreover, both Ṭūlūnidi and Ikhshīdidi had not formally detached themselves from the ‛abbāside caliphate, of which they recognized the authority; but a deeper change took place with the invasion of the Fāṭimids (v.). This Shiite dynasty, which was moved from Tunisia to the assault of the caliphate, claimed to hold, alone, the legitimate succession of… Read More »
From the Arab conquest to the British occupation. – After the conquest of Syria, Palestine, ‛lrāq and Mesopotamia by the Arabs (13-18 èg., 635-640 AD), the Byzantine dominion over Egypt came to be seriously threatened: yes he repeated the usual phenomenon in the history of Anterior Asia and North Africa, whereby each of the powers… Read More »
Probably the Egyptian mythology was one of the richest in the world; but for now almost only allusions in the texts remain. Worthy of mention is the myth, preserved in three royal Theban tombs, which refers to the destruction of men, guilty of having offended the gods, and the retreat of these to heaven. Another,… Read More »
The number of medical texts is extremely small; but at least one of them has great merit because it introduces us to Egyptian thought. It is a papyrus purchased in Thebes in 1862 by Edwin Smith, now in New York. The copy goes back to the XIII dynasty; the language, however, seems to date back… Read More »
According to ask4beauty.com, the temple of Heliopolis probably possessed the inscription bearing the annals, from the prehistoric period up to the fifth dynasty, of which a large fragment is kept in the museum of Palermo. The events are indicated year by year (only the most important), and the height of the flood, of fiscal interest,… Read More »
According to watchtutorials.org, an essay of popular poetry can be seen, as we said, in the short songs with which the workers accompanied their labor; like, for example, that of the shepherd, when he pushes the flock on the soft fields to sink the seed, or of the threshers who urge the oxen, or of… Read More »
Egyptian literature has above all historical documentary value. It was handed down by two kinds of documents: inscriptions painted or engraved on the walls of tombs, temples, on steles, statues, on obelisks, etc.; texts mostly written on papyrus sheets (which even reach the length of forty meters), or on its substitutes, shards of vases, limestone… Read More »
According to thenailmythology.com, Septimius Severus visited Egypt in the eighth year of his reign (200) coming from Palestine by the way of Pelusio. In Alexandria he visited the tomb of Alexander the Great and had a collection of manuscripts with a mystical content enclosed in the glass sarcophagus, which Ptolemy X had substituted for the… Read More »
Since Alexandrian citizenship was the preliminary condition and like the vestibule of the Roman, the Alexandrians were fully aware of this privilege and asserted it, not only in front of the Egyptians and Jews, but also in their relations with the Roman officials. The Egyptians, who formed the vast majority of the population, fell into… Read More »