Literature Nigeria’s literature is one of the most flourishing in Africa. In different languages the oral tradition still lives, especially in poetry, song and fable. In the 19th century, literature began to be written down, first in Arabic and Hausa. The first author in Yoruba was DO Fagunwa. In a strong African-colored English, Amos Tutuola… Read More »
Literature In the Ndebele and Shona languages there are various forms of oral literature. Christian missionaries helped develop a writing language. The first novel on the shona is Solomon Mutswairo’s “Feso” (1956). Literature in English first paid tribute to European imperialism, but soon there was a backlash that revealed the colonization as a danger to… Read More »
Literature, drama and theater Due to the many local languages and their varying mixtures with English, Zambia has hardly any fiction. The course uses standard English, which is also the language of Dominic Mulaisho’s novels. Stephen Andrea Mpashi is the most famous author who has written in the language bemba. In addition to these can… Read More »
Literature The English-language literature gained its center in the Makerere University through, among other things, Penpoint magazine, founded in 1958, and an important author’s conference in 1962. Several types of literature can be distinguished. Okot p’Bitek’s and his followers’ poems contradict the traditional but especially in the north threatened society, while Barbara Kimenye talks about… Read More »
Literature Francophone In Tunisia, Arabic-language literature flourished both before and after the country’s independence in 1956, while French-language literature had long held an obscure place. Until the 1970’s, Albert Memmi was the only major author in French. But interest in French literature began to grow among the young population as early as the late 1960’s,… Read More »
Literature Togo was officially French-speaking at the independence of 1960 and the French had been a school language since the 1920’s. The native languages were therefore difficult to assert as literary languages. From the beginning of the 1940’s, however, novels and plays were written on ewe. by Sam Obianim, Kwasi Fiawoo and Y. Seth Akafia.… Read More »
Music The contrasts are great between the musical traditions of northern and southern Chad. The Islamic North is dominated by the Teda and Daza folk groups, who have the same musical instrument and make similar boundaries between professional and non-professional music. Only men play the traditional instruments: one- and two-stringed lute and three types of… Read More »
Literature Inspired by Arabic poetry, even before the colonial era, developed poetry appeared in Swahili, the largest and most important language in eastern Africa, and later official language in Tanzania. From the 1940’s, Shaaban Robert (1909–62) was perhaps the foremost author of Tanganyika, primarily through his poetry, a selection of which is featured in “Diamonds… Read More »
Eritrea has a post-selection military service, with initial service of 18 months. The total force numbers for the Eritrean Armed Forces are around 201 750 active personnel, with a reserve of about 120,000 personnel (2018, IISS). Army The army has a strength of about 200,000 active personnel. Materials include 270 tanks of types of T-54… Read More »
Visa requirements Passport: is generally required for trips to Uganda, the passport must be valid for at least 6 months upon entry. Visa: is generally required. Visas can be applied for at the Ugandan embassy responsible before starting the trip. However, entry visas, valid for 30 days, are also issued for a fee of $… Read More »